Learn About Dermatology
Everything you need to know about seeing a dermatologist in Canada — from referrals to what to expect at your first appointment.
When to See a Dermatologist
You should see a dermatologist if you have persistent acne that doesn't respond to over-the-counter treatments, a mole that has changed in size, shape, or color, chronic skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis that need specialist management, unexplained rashes lasting more than two weeks, hair loss or scalp conditions, or any suspicious growth or lesion. Your family doctor can treat mild skin issues, but a dermatologist has 5+ years of specialized training in skin, hair, and nail disorders.
The Referral Process in Canada
In most Canadian provinces, you need a referral from your family doctor or a walk-in clinic physician to see a dermatologist for medical concerns. Your doctor will fax or electronically send a referral to the dermatologist's office, and you'll be contacted with an appointment. Wait times vary from 3-12 months for non-urgent cases and 2-4 weeks for suspected skin cancer. Some provinces like Quebec allow direct access for certain conditions. Cosmetic procedures generally don't require a referral.
Cosmetic vs Medical Dermatology
Medical dermatology treats diseases and conditions of the skin — acne, eczema, psoriasis, skin cancer, infections, and autoimmune skin disorders. These visits are covered by provincial health insurance with a referral. Cosmetic dermatology focuses on appearance — Botox, dermal fillers, laser treatments, chemical peels, and microneedling. Cosmetic procedures are paid out-of-pocket and typically don't require a referral. Many dermatologists practice both medical and cosmetic dermatology.
Skin Cancer Warning Signs (ABCDE)
Use the ABCDE rule to check moles: A — Asymmetry (one half doesn't match the other). B — Border (edges are irregular, ragged, or blurred). C — Color (uneven color with shades of brown, black, tan, red, white, or blue). D — Diameter (larger than 6mm, about the size of a pencil eraser). E — Evolving (changing in size, shape, or color over time). If you notice any of these signs, ask your doctor for an urgent dermatology referral. Early detection of melanoma dramatically improves outcomes.
What to Expect at Your First Visit
At your first dermatology appointment, the doctor will review your medical history and examine your skin. For a full-body skin check, you may be asked to change into a gown. The dermatologist may use a dermatoscope (a magnifying device with light) to examine moles more closely. Depending on your condition, they may prescribe medications, recommend treatments, perform a biopsy, or schedule follow-up procedures. Bring a list of current medications and any photos of how your condition has changed over time.
Common Treatments & Procedures
Dermatologists offer a wide range of treatments: prescription topical creams and oral medications for acne and eczema, biologic injections for severe psoriasis, cryotherapy (freezing) for warts and pre-cancerous spots, Mohs surgery for skin cancer removal with minimal scarring, phototherapy (light therapy) for psoriasis and vitiligo, laser treatments for scars, birthmarks, and vascular lesions, and patch testing for contact allergies. Treatment plans are tailored to your specific condition and severity.
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